Define "horizontal alignment" in roadway design.

In roadway design, "horizontal alignment" refers to the configuration of the road as it appears when viewed from above, focusing on how the road is laid out in the horizontal plane. This includes defining the straight sections where the road runs straight and the curves that dictate changes in direction. Proper horizontal alignment is critical for safety and efficient vehicle operation, as it affects visibility, turning radii, and overall roadway capacity.

Understanding horizontal alignment is essential for traffic flow and driver comfort, ensuring that vehicles can navigate turns safely without excessive lateral forces. Having appropriate horizontal alignments can help prevent accidents and improve the overall functionality of the roadway system.