What does "compaction" process improve in highway construction?

Compaction is a crucial process in highway construction that involves mechanically densifying the soil or aggregate materials used in roadbed preparation. The primary purpose of compaction is to improve the stability and load-bearing capacity of the pavement structure. When materials are properly compacted, the voids between particles are minimized, leading to increased density. This reduction in void space enhances the material’s ability to withstand external loads, such as those imposed by vehicles, which is critical for the durability and longevity of the highway.

Improved stability is essential for preventing deformation and failure under traffic loads, while enhanced load-bearing capacity ensures that the road can handle the anticipated traffic volume without significant structural damage over time. Proper compaction also contributes to the overall performance of the road by reducing the risk of problems such as rutting, cracking, and settlement.

Although compaction may have indirect effects on surface aesthetics and drainage, its primary and most important function is to bolster the structural integrity of the highway. Therefore, enhancing stability and load-bearing capacity is fundamental for ensuring that the road can support its intended use effectively.